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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | turamam | om turam |
| 2SG: | turamat | ot turam |
| 3SG: | turameš | ok/ogeš turam |
| 1PL: | turamə̑na | ona/ogə̑na turam |
| 2PL: | turamə̑da | oda/ogə̑da turam |
| 3PL: | turamə̑t | ogə̑t turam |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | turamə̑m | šə̑m turam |
| 2SG: | turamə̑č́ | šə̑č́ turam |
| 3SG: | turame | ə̑š turam |
| 1PL: | turamna | ə̑šna turam |
| 2PL: | turamda | ə̑šda turam |
| 3PL: | turamə̑č́ | ə̑št turam |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | turamə̑nam | turamə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | turamə̑nat | turamə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | turamə̑n | turamə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | turamə̑nna | turamə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | turamə̑nda | turamə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | turamə̑nə̑t | turamə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | turamam ə̑l'e | om turam ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | turamat ə̑l'e | ot turam ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | turameš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš turam ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | turamə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na turam ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | turamə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da turam ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | turamə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t turam ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | turamam ulmaš | om turam ulmaš |
| 2SG: | turamat ulmaš | ot turam ulmaš |
| 3SG: | turameš ulmaš | ok/ogeš turam ulmaš |
| 1PL: | turamə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na turam ulmaš |
| 2PL: | turamə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da turam ulmaš |
| 3PL: | turamə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t turam ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | turamə̑nam ə̑l'e | turamə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | turamə̑nat ə̑l'e | turamə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | turamə̑n ə̑l'e | turamə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | turamə̑nna ə̑l'e | turamə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | turamə̑nda ə̑l'e | turamə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | turamə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | turamə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | turamə̑nam ulmaš | turamə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | turamə̑nat ulmaš | turamə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | turamə̑n ulmaš | turamə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | turamə̑nna ulmaš | turamə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | turamə̑nda ulmaš | turamə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | turamə̑nə̑t ulmaš | turamə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | turam | it turam |
| 3SG: | turamže | ə̑nže turam |
| 1PL: | (turamə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na turam) |
| 2PL: | turamza | ida turam |
| 3PL: | turamə̑št | ə̑nə̑št turam |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | turamnem | ə̑nem turam |
| 2SG: | turamnet | ə̑net turam |
| 3SG: | turamneže | ə̑než turam |
| 1PL: | turamnena | ə̑nena turam |
| 2PL: | turamneda | ə̑neda turam |
| 3PL: | turamnešt | ə̑nešt turam |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | turamnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem turam ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | turamnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net turam ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | turamneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než turam ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | turamnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena turam ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | turamneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda turam ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | turamnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt turam ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | turamnet ulmaš | ə̑net turam ulmaš |
| 3SG: | turamneže ulmaš | ə̑než turam ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | turamneda ulmaš | ə̑neda turam ulmaš |
| 3PL: | turamnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt turam ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | turamaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | turamman |
| Active participle: | turamše |
| Passive participle: | turamme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | turamšaš |
| Negative participle: | turamdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | turamə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | turamde |
| Gerund of prior action: | turammek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | turammeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | turamšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | turammaš |
| Negative nominalization: | turamdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||